India China Pakistan Comparative Study Class 12 | Table | Chapter 13 |

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India China Pakistan Comparative Study Class 12 | Comparative Study | Table | Chapter 13 |

Strategies of Growth

After independence both India and Pakistan adopted same strategies for growth such as; Mixed-growth and both were dependent on public sector more whereas private sector was allotted secondary role for the development of the country. On the other hand, China adopted rigorous model of growth for all the government activities were handled by government and there was government sector monopoly in the country as China adopted statism model of growth.

Common growth strategies adopted by all the three countries are that,  they all depend on public sector for growth process, all three economies adopted inward-looking trade strategy to protect domestic Industry along with limited integration with global economies by inviting less FDIs in the country.

With the passage of time, India and Pakistan adopted mixed economy model and assigned some work to private sector also but China did not change his policy, a large part of goods manufactured by china was exported to other countries owing to which it became an export-oriented economy whereby China established a sustainable lead from India and Pakistan.

Performance of Economies

Growth of GDP

In 2017 India’s GDP was estimated 2.43 trillion US dollars as India got a substantial rise in the GDP through New Economic Policy in which the economy shifted towards privatisation and liberty was provided to industries to grow along with increase in export of the domestically made products. NEP focused on free play of market forces but with the higher rate of inflation, scams and scandals, poor credit-policy made the growth of economy slower.

In 2017 China’s GDP was estimated 12.40 trillion US dollars and become the second largest economy in the world. China achieved its growth in GDP through a campaign Great Leap Forward in which industrialization was encouraged by setting-up industries in the backyard of houses and shifted from centrally planned to market economy and also started exporting material and invited limited FDIs so that every citizen of China had job with him. China also established SEZ in which 100% foreign investors were invited in order to develop that condition of that area but the GDP of China has also slowed down because of the corruption, crime, rise in MPS (Marginal Propensity to Save) etc.

In 2017, Pakistan’s GDP was estimated 271.1 billion US dollars as Pakistan had also implemented economic reforms as similar to India but Pakistan gripped himself in the war of terror due to which the GDP growth lacks behind as compare to India and China.

Structure of Growth

All the three countries experienced a noticeable change in the structural transformation but India and Pakistan relied more on tertiary sector and lesser efforts was given on industrial sector whereas China relied more on secondary sector due to its policies such as Reforms and Opening-up which was launched in 1978 and provided a big push to manufacturing industries to export more goods in order to earn more foreign currency.

Demographic Profile

  • India has a habitat for more than 1.2 billion people whereas China has nearly 1.34 billion people’s habitat but the population of Pakistan is not even 1/10th size of India or China.
  • With more size of population, high maintenance investment is required and the development investment lacks behind for which China had implemented One Child Policy by which the growth rate of the population was in control but the growth rate of India is high whereas in Pakistan it is Alarming high.
  • India lacks behind in terms of urbanisation as compared to china and Pakistan
  • The sex ratio is biased against females in all the three countries which shows lack of social awareness, social backwardness and female foeticide.

Human Development

China has better performance in terms of nourishment, infant mortality rate and facility of sanitisation as compare to India and Pakistan.

Common Success Story of India and Pakistan

  • Both the countries have successful in doubling their income
  • The absolute poverty is reduced in both the countries to a greater extend
  • Production of nourished food have increased in both the countries and made themselves self-sufficiency in the term of food.

Common Failures of India and Pakistan

  • The fiscal management of both the countries is very poor.
  • The amount collected from taxes are used for defense and paying past debts instead of development
  • After Independence, both the countries had adopted inward-looking trade strategy

Areas where India Exceeds Pakistan

  • Skilled Manpower
  • Science and Technology
  • Investment in Education
  • Check on Population

Area where Pakistan Exceeds India

  • Migration of workforce
  • Urbanisation
  • Water sources
  • External Trade

Areas where China Exceeds India

  • Growth of GDP
  • Decreasing Rural poverty
  • Global Exposure
  • China provided 100% investment in equity

Comparative Study Table

The table which is shown below covers all the points that a student has to cover if any of the area asked from him. The detailed discussion about all of them is given in the first three points.

 

Area of Coverage India Pakistan China
Strategies of Growth

Mixed Economy

More Imports

Mixed Economy

More Imports

 Statism Economy

 More Exports

Performance of Economies

GDP Growth

Private and Public Sector Contribution

Political Instability

FDI

Scams and Scandals

Inflation

GDP Growth

Private and Public Sector Contribution

Political Instability

FDI

Scams and Scandals

Inflation

GDP Growth

Private and Public Sector Contribution

Political Stability

FDI

Scams and Scandals

Inflation

Occupational structure

Primary to Tertiary

Employment Level

Primary to Tertiary

Employment Level

Primary to Secondary

Employment Level

Demographic Profile

Population/ Density

Urbanisation

Literacy Rate

Sex Ratio

Population/ Density

Urbanisation

Literacy Rate

Sex Ratio

Population/ Density

Urbanisation

Literacy Rate

Sex Ratio

Human development Index

Rank

GDP per Capita

Availability of Goods and Services

Sanitisation

Skewed Distribution of Income

Rank

GDP per Capita

Availability of Goods and Services

Sanitisation

Skewed Distribution of Income

Rank

GDP per Capita

Availability of Goods and Services

Sanitisation

Skewed Distribution of Income

You May Also Read Indian Economy on The Eve of Independence,  Economic Planning, Agriculture Sector, Strategy of Industrial Growth, India’s Foreign Trade, Economic Reforms Since 1991, Poverty, Human Capital Formation, Rural Development, Unemployment, Environment, India China Pakistan Comparative Study for better understanding of the chapters and scoring higher in upcoming exams.

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